Abstract

Following the events of 2003, the Iraqi political system has been confronted with a multitude of challenges, encompassing political, economic, and security domains. A pivotal political challenge, which forms the focal point of this study, pertains to the issue of political alliances. These alliances have exerted a direct influence on the political process and the overall effectiveness of the political system. It is imperative to acknowledge that the political alliances in Iraq under the post-2003 political system have been characterised by instability. This instability can be attributed to the fragile foundations upon which these alliances were established, the absence of trust, and the reliance on sectarian and ethnic quotas. These factors have rendered political alliances vulnerable to both internal and external influences, which in turn have affected the structure of the political system and its constitutional institutions. These dynamics have contributed to delaying the transition from political instability to political stability. Despite numerous endeavors to deviate from this sectarian and factional political approach, the magnitude of these efforts has fallen short in comparison to the influence exerted by the dominant political actors