Sarcouncil Journal of Medical Series

Abstract: Background: Hypertension is not a temporary symptom, but a “silent killer” and one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Obesity and dyslipidaemia have also been largely responsible for structural damage to the artery wall and increased vascular resistance, which forces the heart muscle to work harder and damages other organs. Aim: This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to study the effect of biochemical variables, biological factors, and lifestyle factors on patients with hypertension. Method: This study was conducted between December 2025 and February 2026. 112 samples were collected, and participants were divided into 2 groups. The age group of the study group was 40 – 50 years, which is a critical age group. The method was based on data collection through tailor-made questionnaires. Biochemical variables were estimated. All data were statistically analyzed using SPSS and Microsoft Excel. Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) between the two groups were observed. In the patient group, there was a sharp rise in triglyceride levels (mean 223.7 mg/dL) and total cholesterol levels (mean 207.8 mg/dL) compared to the control group. The study also indicated that obesity and overweight were the major characteristics in the patients (74%). The patients had low levels of HDL, especially the pre-menopausal women, and were therefore more prone to cardiovascular risks. Mean values of blood glucose were higher in patients with statistically significant differences compared to healthy individuals (p > 0.05). This means that lipid metabolic disorders and obesity are the most influential factors in hypertension in this particular sample. Conclusion: The fight against high blood pressure must go beyond drugs and adopt a holistic approach, said the study. The focus should be on early detection of lipid disorders and on lifestyle and dietary modifications to lower body mass index. Future directions: The association of body fat with hypertension should be monitored in long-term studies in individuals with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance in families and specific regions to find out the effect of genetics or lifestyle.