Sarcouncil Journal of Medical Series

Abstract: Objective: To determine the prevalence and describe the clinical characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among pregnant women at 24–28 weeks of gestation attending antenatal care at Vung Tau Hospital, Vietnam, in 2026. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 324 pregnant women at 24–28 weeks of gestation who attended antenatal care at Vung Tau Hospital, Vietnam, between April and June 2026. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling. GDM was diagnosed using a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to the 2013 diagnostic criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG). Results: Among the 324 pregnant women included in the study, the prevalence of GDM was 24.4%. Women aged 18–34 years accounted for 75.9% of the study population, 53.4% had an educational level above high school, and 59.6% were employed in occupations other than government or public-sector employment. The proportions of women with a history of GDM, previous delivery of a macrosomic infant (birth weight ≥4,000 g), and a family history of diabetes mellitus were 18.2%, 7.1%, and 11.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The findings provide evidence on the current prevalence of GDM and the clinical characteristics of affected pregnant women. These results may contribute to improving screening strategies, facilitating early diagnosis, and optimizing the management of GDM during antenatal care.