Sarcouncil Journal of Medical Series

Abstract: One of the most widespread bacterial infections of the pediatric population is urinary tract infections (UTIs), which require considerable consideration of renal health in case of unsuccessful treatment. This paper assesses the clinical presentation, outcomes of treatment, and prevention of UTI in children. It was a cross-sectional study, which established 111 pediatric patients with UTI (1 month to 12 years old) during January 2024 to January 2025. Clinical presentation and treatment regimens, as well as outcomes, were gathered. At 12 months, follow-up was done to evaluate the prevalence and prevention efficacy. Moreover, the average age was 32.4 +- 24.7 months with the predilection towards females (66.7%). Escherichia coli was considered the most frequent causative organism (69.9%). Amoxicillin (54.2% and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (45.8% were found to have high rates of resistance, and Meropenem (98.6% and Nitrofurantoin (90.3) were very sensitive. Its rate of clinical improvement among patients (88.3) was achieved within 72 hours. In 39.1 percent of patients who had VCUG, Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) was detected. Antibiotic prophylaxis greatly decreased recidivism (13.2% vs. 30.1%). UTIs are important in children that can be addressed with an early diagnosis of the causative organism, followed by a specific antibiotic therapy. Risk factors are VUR and constipation that pose a serious risk of recurrence. Drug prophylaxis, which involves the use of antibiotics together with behavioral changes, is a good way to decrease recurrence.