Sarcouncil Journal of Medical Series

Abstract: Background In general, obstructive sleep apneal (OSA) is a huge heart disease risk factor since the breathing is intermittent as sleep commences and ceases, depleting oxygen supply and resulting in airway collapse. In some locations, such as Iraq, ENT physicians do not perform most of the recommended operations, and hence this study examined the relationship between OSA and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and how it relates to whether or not ENT testing can be used to determine improved outcomes. We included individuals with a BMI of 25 -45kg/m 2 and a consent form only; those whose apneal was of a more central nature, those with neuromuscular issues, and those who had received OSA therapy previously were excluded. The baseline tests included PSG (AHI, ODI), DISE, nasopharyngoscopy, 24-hour BP, Holter ECG, echo, and labs. The treatment was selected pragmatically as 60 received CPAP, 30 underwent ENT surgery, 18 performed lifestyle changes, and 12 received a combination. We observed 12 months and measured the key cardiovascular events (MACE) and evaluated data using SPSS v27, including ANOVA, chi-square, and logistic regression (0.05). Findings: The mean age was 58.48 ± 9.16 years, 65 per cent were males, and the mean BMI was 32.17. There was an equal distribution of the severity of OSA: 31.7% instalment, 31.7% and a mean of AHI was 27.5 15.3. There was 60 per cent (25 per cent resistant) hypertension, 30 per cent coronary artery disease, and 20 per cent atrial fibrillation. Vellum collapse and nasal deviation were found in 65 percent and 45 percent, respectively. Patients following surgery obeyed 85 vs. CPAP 52. Conclusions: ENT phenotypic is able to identify those patients who will react to surgery well, which is more adherent and less heart-risky than CPAP. Multidisciplinary protocols in Iraq would probably reduce MACE by nearly fifty percent, and thus should be added to official recommendations.