Sarcouncil Journal of Applied Sciences Aims & Scope

Abstract: Rapid urbanization and population growth in emerging economies have intensified the generation of municipal solid waste, leading to severe environmental challenges when poorly managed. This study investigates the relationship between waste management practices and environmental degradation across three representative cities; Nairobi (Kenya), Dhaka (Bangladesh), and Manila (Philippines). A mixed-method approach was employed, combining field data collection, environmental sampling, stakeholder surveys, and statistical analysis to evaluate waste generation patterns, composition, collection efficiency, and pollution indicators. Results revealed that Manila exhibited the highest per capita waste generation (1.05 kg/person/day) and lowest collection efficiency (55.9%), while Nairobi performed comparatively better (62.5%). Air and water quality near dumpsites were severely degraded, with PM₂.₅, CH₄, BOD, and heavy metal concentrations far exceeding permissible limits. Correlation analysis indicated strong positive relationships between waste generation and air pollution, and significant negative correlations between collection efficiency and water contamination. Despite moderate public awareness of segregation, willingness to engage in sustainable practices remained low. The findings underscore the urgent need for integrated, circular, and technology-driven waste management systems supported by strong governance and community participation. This research emphasizes that addressing waste mismanagement is essential not only for environmental protection but also for advancing sustainable urban development and climate resilience.