Effect of Spinal Anesthesia on Pregnant Women and Newborns

Abstract

Background: Many intravenous anaesthetics administered into the mother can pass the placental barrier, enter the fetal blood, and potentially sedate or depress the newborns respiratory system. Spinal anaesthesia and epidural anaesthesia are two forms of local anaesthetic used for caesarean deliveries. Reduced general anesthesia-related problems and improved early mother-child bonding are two benefits of local anaesthesia. General anaesthetics used in caesarean section cross the placenta and can cause neonatal depression, fetal respiratory distress, and low Apgar scores in neonates. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of effect of spinal anaesthesia on pregnant women and newborns. Patients and Methods: This study has focused on the assessment of assessment of health outcomes for pregnancy. mothers where data were collected from health outcomes for pregnancy mothers in different hospitals in Iraq between 9^th April 2021 to 17^th July 2022, for pregnancy mothers with ages with 32.44± 5.3. This data was examined in comparison to this study’s outcomes with Carroll’s study. A statistical study was conducted for health outcomes for pregnant mothers using the SPSS program. Results and Discussion: Because the average postoperative EBL volume and the difference among pre- and postoperative HCT levels were higher with anesthesia than with spinal anesthesia, our findings demonstrate that general anesthesia tends to produce more bleeding than spinal anesthesia. According to French research, even if caesarean sections are performed to improve mother and fetal health, their morbidity and death rates are still very high. As for the length of stay in the hospital, where our study found that the maximum stay in the hospital is up to 5 days, as the fetal weight is 2.974.4 ± 624.7 under spinal anesthesia, compared to patients with general anesthesia that was applied in Carroll’s study, it was less with general anesthesia 2.971 .4 ± 592.5. In addition, in the evaluation of pregnant patients who underwent spinal anesthesia Apgar score (1 min) < 7 (%) had reached 21.43 ± 13.77 and the Apgar score (5 min) < 7 (%) had reached 1.14 ± 3.56. Conclusion: In this study, the general anesthesia group had greater EBL and lower postoperative levels than the spinal anesthesia group. It is interesting to note that the general anesthetic group’s operation duration was much longer than the spinal anesthesia group’s, mostly because more surgical manipulations were used to halt bleeding. This study found that spinal anesthesia is better than general anesthesia in use during an operation.