Sarcouncil Journal of Medical Sciences

Abstract: Background: Globally, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. Early detection using breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography remains crucial in reducing mortality, especially in settings where screening infrastructure is limited. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of women in Diyala Governorate, Iraq, about BSE and mammography. Objective: Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 women in Diyala governorate through a structured questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge, attitudes and practices toward BSE and mammography. Data were analysed using SPSS version 27.0 and associations between variables were assessed using chi-square tests (p<0.05 was considered significant). Results: The majority of the participants were married (62.4%) and housewives (50.0%). While 68.6% had heard of BSE and 58.7% knew that mammography is a breast X-ray, only 30.0% had good overall knowledge and practice was even worse: 28.6% performed BSE monthly and 24.3% had ever had mammography. Not knowing the correct technique was the commonest barrier to BSE (51.4%). Cost and time constraints were the major barriers to mammography. Knowledge and attitude were significantly associated with education, marital status and occupation (p<0.05). Conclusion: The level of women knowledge of BSE in Diyala Governorate was fairly good but this did not translate into confident or consistent practice. Knowledge and attitudes were closely linked to education, marital status, and occupation. Addressing this gap will likely require educating women on correct BSE technique and improving access to mammography.