Sarcouncil Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies

Abstract: Besides the encyclopedias published in Italy at the beginning of Emperor Tu Duc's reign, as mentioned in the previous issue, during this period there were also many other publications of various genres mentioning land and sea entities, which are now part of Da Nang city, namely the two ancient trading ports of Da Nang and Hoi An, along with the Paracel Islands. From publications on geographical science, world exploration travel, commercial geography textbooks, and documents on the activities of religious organizations originating in Italy between 1848 and 1858, which we introduce in this issue, readers will gain useful information about the activities of the trading ports of Da Nang and Hoi An and their role and value in domestic and international trade during the reign of Emperor Tu Duc; about the aggression of the French warship Catinat at Da Nang port in 1856; as well as witnessing the continued recognition of the Paracel Islands as part of Vietnam's territorial sovereignty by the international community in the mid-19th century.