Sarcouncil Journal of Medical Sciences

Abstract: This paper presents an in-depth analysis of statistics related to 138 patients who had their cardiac surgery in childhood, demographics, possible complications, and outcome-related risk factors. Demographic information shows that the patients have a mean age of 5.2 years, with different weights and heights, having an average weight of 19.8 kg and height of 105.2 cm. The distribution of the gender was fairly equal, as 50.7 percent of patients were male, and 49.3 percent were female, which indicates the absence of gender bias in the selection of surgical cases. The population under study was typified by its heterogeneous socioeconomic background, 36.2% of the patients belong to low-income families, which is why economic issues are significant in healthcare. It was also shown that 21.7% of the patients also had a predisposition of cardiac disease in their family, further justifying the role of genetics in the risk analysis. Various conditions were operated upon using surgical procedure, where atrial septal defect (ASD) and ventricular septal defect (VSD) take about 55.8 percent of all cases. The rates of complication were 14.5, which showed the total success of the surgical operations. The mean length of stay in hospital was 7 days, and this provided a possibility of analyzing the effectiveness of postoperative recovery. The data on risk factors revealed that there was a significant correlation with complications, and congestive heart failure had a correlation coefficient of 0.25, and Down syndrome had a correlation coefficient of 0.15. These factors were predetermined by means of statistical analysis, and the correlation between them and patient outcomes was decided. Logistic regression analysis was conducted, and it showed that an increase of 10 percent in the age of patients enhanced the risk of developing complications by 10 percent, whereas congestive heart failure was estimated to have an ODS of 1.85, meaning that the Patients with this condition are even more predisposed to developing complications. Median survival and readmission were used as metrics of measurement, which demonstrates the value of aftercare and follow-up to achieve the best results in practice. The results can play a pivotal role in the determination of the factors that determine the success of a surgery, considering the risks and health conditions associated with age. This paper has emphasized the aspect of the potential to improve healthcare systems and deliver high-quality care, thus advancing the quality of life of children who have to undergo surgical intervention.