Sarcouncil Journal of Engineering and Computer Sciences

Abstract: The widespread use of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) has improved healthcare delivery, enhancing data access, clinical decision-making, and care coordination. However, this digital shift has created new challenges in protecting patient data from cyber threats, unauthorized access, and privacy concerns. This research critically evaluates the changing environment of EHR security, focusing on important vulnerabilities such as ransomware, insider misuse, and interoperability issues. It investigates cutting-edge technology solutions such as enhanced encryption, blockchain, artificial intelligence, and biometric authentication that aim to protect data integrity, confidentiality, and availability. It also addresses the ethical and legislative aspects of privacy preservation, highlighting the importance of patient permission and worldwide data protection systems. Despite tremendous advances, ongoing challenges posed by legacy systems, high installation costs, and human error continue to jeopardize EHR security. This paper also proposed recommendations for future directions in developing robust, patient-centric digital health ecosystems.