Journal of Innovative Science

Abstract: Smart materials undergo reversible property changes in response to external stimuli, making them ideal for adaptive, durable, and self-recovering infrastructure. Through examination of laboratory research, field implementations, and performance, the review demonstrates substantial benefits, including autonomous damage repair, enhanced seismic energy dissipation, and reduced maintenance requirements. Key findings reveal that shape memory alloy systems achieve reductions in seismic inter-story drifts, fiber-reinforced polymer retrofits reduce collapse probability, and self-healing concrete decreases maintenance frequency. Despite these benefits, adoption faces barriers including incomplete long-term durability understanding, higher initial costs, construction industry cultural resistance, and the absence of comprehensive standards. Integration with Internet of Things connectivity and artificial intelligence analytics creates opportunities for enhanced functionality.