Sarcouncil Journal of Medical Sciences

Sarcouncil Journal of Medical Sciences

An Open access peer reviewed international Journal
Publication Frequency-Monthly
Publisher Name-SARC Publisher

ISSN Online- 2945-3526
Country of origin- Philippines
Impact Factor- 3.7
Language- English

Keywords

Editors

Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Comprehensive Review

Keywords: Epidemiology, Diabetic Retinopathy, Glycemic Control, Dyslipidaemia.

Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus, and it is one of the leading causes of vision impairment and blindness in working-age adults of the world. This systematic review attempts to pool current data from relevant recent meta-analyses and systematic reviews on the epidemiology and risk factors of DR. It is estimated that approximately 22% of the world’s population with diabetes suffers from DR; this also varies markedly between regions most at risk predominantly in Africa and North America, whereas least in South and Central America. There is likely to be an overwhelming increase in DR burden by 2045, accompanying the increase in the cases of diabetes and extended patient survival. Commonly known causes are usually poor glycemic control (increased level of HbA1c), longer durations of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and increased levels of triglycerides. Additional factors include age, ethnicity, obesity, and compliance with medicines, which impact the risk of DR. Ethnic disparities reflect the intricate dynamics of genetic as well as environmental interactions. Heterogeneity in methodologies has been another source of variability in findings reported by various studies, including the differences in study design, diagnostic criteria, and characteristics of populations. The review greatly emphasizes the critical aspects of early detection through regular screening and comprehensive management of metabolic and vascular risk factors in preventing vision loss. It frays the very need for region-specific strategies and standardized protocols in dealing with the gaps existing in DR prevalence as well as outcomes. This review will ultimately become a significant, valuable tool for clinicians, research practitioners, and policymakers regarding optimizing prevention and treatment strategies that will reduce the burden of diabetic retinopathy at a global level while improving visual health outcomes for diabetic populations all over the world.

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