Journal of Innovative Science

Abstract: Sustainable waste management (SWM) has emerged as a critical component of global climate change mitigation efforts, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions where waste generation continues to rise. This study examines the potential of SWM as a strategic tool for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through a comparative analysis of three cities; Delhi (India), Nairobi (Kenya), and São Paulo (Brazil). Using a mixed-method approach that integrates quantitative emission modeling, life-cycle assessment (LCA), and economic evaluation, the study assesses how different waste management scenarios influence carbon mitigation outcomes. Results reveal that the implementation of sustainable management practices including enhanced recycling (up to 40%), composting (25%), landfill gas recovery (≥50%), and waste-to-energy conversion can reduce total GHG emissions by approximately 60% compared to the business-as-usual scenario. Recycling and composting demonstrated net-negative emission factors (−450 and −150 kg CO₂-eq ton⁻¹, respectively), while São Paulo achieved the highest Sustainable Waste Management Performance Index (SWMPI = 0.83) due to advanced infrastructure and policy integration. The findings underscore that integrating circular economy principles and effective governance frameworks within waste management systems can significantly enhance climate resilience, energy recovery, and sustainability outcomes.