Sarcouncil Journal of Agriculture

Abstract: Climate change is a defining global challenge, profoundly affecting ecosystems, economies, and societies. Within the framework of sustainable development, it is imperative to address these impacts through effective mitigation and adaptation strategies. Nepal, a nation highly vulnerable to climate change due to its unique geography and socio-economic conditions, provides a critical case for understanding localized climate impacts. This literature review explores Nepal’s climate dynamics, emphasizing rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, glacier retreat, and the increased frequency of extreme weather events. These changes significantly impact agriculture, water resources, and livelihoods, exacerbating poverty and socio-economic vulnerabilities in this predominantly agrarian society. Mitigation strategies in Nepal focus on renewable energy, sustainable land-use practices, and energy efficiency, while adaptation measures include climate-resilient infrastructure, early warning systems, and climate-smart agriculture.