Sarcouncil Journal of Plant and Agronomy

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and associated complications such as cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, and hepatic dysfunction. This study investigates the antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) and its saponins, comparing their efficacy with metformin, a standard oral hypoglycemic agent. Key biomarkers analyzed include insulin levels, lipid profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL), and liver enzymes (ALT, AST). Fenugreek and its saponins significantly improved insulin secretion, reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels, and increased HDL levels, demonstrating notable lipid-lowering properties. Furthermore, both treatments reduced ALT and AST levels, indicating hepatoprotective effects. Statistical analyses confirmed that these outcomes were comparable to metformin. The mechanisms of action are attributed to fenugreek's insulinotropic, lipid-lowering, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. While promising, this study highlights the need for clinical trials to confirm the safety, efficacy, and optimal dosages of fenugreek and its bioactive compounds as adjunctive or alternative therapies for diabetes management