Abstract

Background: Up until recently, the first-line therapy for kidney stones larger than 2 cm was percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Although PCNL has good clearance rates for kidney stones, there are morbidity and mortality issues to consider, which can extend the length of hospitalization. In the management of kidney stones of significant size, recent investigations have demonstrated that retrograde intrarenal surgeries (RIRS) can be an efficient and safer option. Objective: This paper contributes to conduct a cross-sectional study of patients in Iraq with stones in renal calculi who underwent treated according to use of retrograde surgery. Patients and methods: This paper presented to a cross-sectional study of patients in Iraq with stones in renal calculi who underwent treated according to use of retrograde surgery, which was on renal calculi patients in comparison between men and women which have men groups with 45 cases and women 45 cases. This paper has examined all data of demographic characteristics into renal calculi outcomes related to RIRS operative patients Holmium laser lithotripsy by SPSS program, which conduct for all data was extracted in the study between 18^th January 2021 to 25^th April 2022 in different hospitals in Iraq. Results and discussion: As technology developed, flexibility ureterorenoscopy as laser fragmentation in renal lithiasis became an efficient and less invasive method for treating this ailment. In most published series on this issue, problems from hematuria have been documented in 28% of cases among women, by severe complications corresponding with failed insertion of a sheath into 34% of the cases. In contrast, the research by Aboumarzouk assessed the total number of RIRS problems at 10%, with most of these issues being mild if adjusted to this categorization, which the researchers are not doing in their study. The outcomes of our series confirm that RIRS is a reliable and secure method for treating kidney stones under 2 cm. Effectiveness rates ranging from 71.6 percent (for a single surgery) and 93.4% (for retreatment) were found when the findings were analysed. Conclusions: In conclusion, this paper was shown changes of results in comparison between the men group and women group, where it was shown almost of man got high injuries in compare with women, although this study found success of applied RIRS with Holmium laser lithotripsy operation which apply on both kinds of group. With these findings, this study resulted that RIRS with Holmium laser lithotripsy considers more safety and effective to treat all patients of kidney stones and should be taken into consideration as a substitute for PCNL in certain circumstances

Keywords

Renal calculi; kidney stones; complications; and RIRS with Holmium laser lithotripsy